Exam SDS Topic 1 Question 77 Discussion

Inductive learning techniques in machine learning (such as decision trees, neural networks, or SVMs) follow a systematic sequence of steps for classification:
Training Step (i): A model is built using training data, where the system learns relationships between features and target labels.
Test Step (ii): The trained model is evaluated on unseen test data to measure its performance and generalizability.
Validation Step (iii): Often, a validation set is used to fine-tune model parameters, avoid overfitting, and choose the best model configuration.
Application Step (iv): The final validated model is applied to classify new, real-world data.
Since all four steps (i, ii, iii, iv) are essential to inductive classification, the correct answer is Option D (i, ii, iii, iv).
Reference:
DASCA Data Scientist Knowledge Framework (DSKF) - Analytics & Machine Learning: Classification and Inductive Learning Techniques.